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INCIDENCE OF VAGINAL CANDIDACIES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AN PARK-LANE, HOSPITAL, A CASE STUDY OF PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINK AT PARK-LINE ENUGU

 

ABSTRACT

This project attempts to determine the frequency rate of candidiasis among pregnant women in Abakpa Nike Enugu. One hundred and ten samples of high vaginal swabs were collected and examined wet in the microscope. The sample were donated by pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics at park-lane hospital Enugu.   Eighty-five samples out of the one hundred and ten samples collected from the pregnant women were candida positive. The candida specie implicated were classified as follows: sixty pregnant women had Candida Albicans, ten had candida torulopsis, seran had Candida Kmse and eight had Candida Stellordea.

          The samples were collected as follows. They were asked to open up their legs wide enough and the swab stick was inserted into the vagina and turned once. Normal saline was added to the sample solution and examined. The samples was examined wet under the microscope, budding yeast-like cells were observed.

          The results indicated that the frequency rate is high as a result of illiteracy and poor hygienic state of most pregnant women within the study area. Improved hygiene and health education are stronghy recommended for the generality of people and women preparing for marriage particularly Park-Lane Enugu.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction                                                                            1

1.1     Hypothesis                                                                    7

1.2     Statement of problem                                                    8

1.3     Limitations                                                                              8

1.4     Justification                                                                             8

CHAPTER TWO

Literature Review                                                                              9

CHAPTER THREE

Materials and Methods                                                            16

3.1      Sources of Collection                                                                    17

CHAPTER FOUR

Results and Analysis                                                               20

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion                                                                               24

CHAPTER SIX

Conclusion and Recommendation                                           28

References                                                                               29

Appendix                                                                                         32

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

          Candidiasis is a systemic disease result from the presence of yeast like fungi in the urinary track of a pregnant women (Derek 1982). Candidiasis is most often sexually transmitted though there are some other predisposing gander like poor hygiene in the genial areas, use of oral contraceptive pill, diabetes mellitus etc. it is an acute or chronic mycotic infusion usually affecting the skin, narks or mucons membares of the mouth and gentles but capable at times of producing lesions gastrointestinal tracks, meringues and endocandun it is also an opportumstic furgus that canses candiadiasis in compromised patients candidiasis has a world wide distribution but its frequency and severity increases with warm weather, which indices excessive perspiration. It occurs in poor nutrient media, especially those deficient in protein (Lodder at al 1958).

          Candidiasis is accompanied by a number of symptoms such as server itching in and around the vulva, thick pumdent discharge yellowroish in colour and a cheese consistercy discharge ete. An excess of vaginal discharge from any cause may lead to vulva privates. In candidiasis, there may be vulvitis with redness of the vagina, with masses of whose, cheesy material.

          The infection candidiasis manifest as follows:

1. Candidia Vagintis and Vulva Vaginits: The incidence of candida vaginitis and vulvoaginits averages more in pregnant women than in non pregnant women. This is characterized by a low-grade inflammation of the vagina with whitish patches on the mucosa and yellowish, milky discharge. This infection may extend to the vulva and upper inner aspect of the thighs, causing a pronounced genit privities, which leads to removal of scar tissues. Chronic infection occurs in women with immuno deficiency virus (Rhoads et al 1987) this infection is treated with nystahn vaginal tablets used once daily for two weeks, or clotrima role vaginal cream applied nightly also for two weeks.
2. Candidia Paronydia And Onychia:. This is the candidias of the nail bed and nails. It is chromic  condition favoured by immension of hands in lot, suapy water. This is seen mainly in individual engaged in net work or handling food. Even mentions and young children may develop candida paronychia, usually in association with oral candidiasis as a result of thumb – sugary. The paronychial area is swollen, red and gesturing with gaping.
3. Candidial Intertrigo: This infection is the superficial inflammation occurring in most skin folds. It affects the genital areas and the legs, ear folds and inter digital spaces of the hands and feet sub-mammary intertrigo is common in elderly women with pendulous breasts. The first usable signs are skin slitters, which enlarge, and rupture, sofking the skin lager and stilly.

This infecting responds to Amphotericin B. in patients with intertrigo of the groin, oral Nystatin, 500,000 units trice daily, should be gun in addition for tendegs several species of candida have been implicated as pathogenic to man. Some of these include-candida albicars, candida quasi candida tropically, candida parasols and candida pseudohopicals.

The most frequent cause of superficial and systemic candidiasis is candida albcars. This organism is highly virulent for laboratory anneals and fowls. Candidiasis can be controlled if pregnant mothers improve their standard of living and avoid weaning or the use of highs materals at all times e.g nylonparts etc.

1. Oral Candidiasis: Infection of the oral mucosa by candidia alblicars is relatively common in newborn infants, appealing about the seventh day of life and affecting 4-6 percent of imparts. It may also be seen in patients requiring intensive antibiotic therapy. The tongue, soft palate, guns and at times the pharynx may be involved. It is characterized by greyisn – white or creamy patches with a small halopatients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), often show profuse oral candidiasis. This infection responds to oral suspension of Nystahn 4-6ml four times daily, 10mg of clotimazole buccal troches, five times daily for two weeks.
2. Enteric candidiasis: This occurs during the prenatal where the infection may develop as oral trust. In older persons if may complicate primary debility disease, weather primary or secondary in value, enteric candidiasis may cause death if it remains untreated.

This infection responds to Nystetion taken by mouth for five to seven days.

1. Periaral Candidiasis: Candidiasis Alabicans is only one of a great variety of know factors that may be involved in the tiding. Apart from intense, normally nocturnal itching and burring, perennial candidiasis characteristically presents softening of the skin layer by morsel and death of tissues of the perennial area.

The infection responds to clotimazoleciean applied mighty for two-three weeks.

          Candida infection are contagious and may be haramitted from person to person, therefore climatic condition, heat and humility which induce increased perspiration, prolonged immersion of hands or body in water leaching to maceration debilitating diseases, the administration of broad spectrum antiseptics pregnancy, high chapose one to the infection.

          The affected areas are red, raw and beefy in appearance, but may have wilitish, and like deposits in their suyeces. There may be mild burring sensation present, but itching is much more likely to be hnorable some.

          It is therefore vital before leaching candida infection to identify the cricum stances that allowed its establishment if all the condition that predispose one of the infections are properly conceited, the infection will not mangiest.

          In the treatment of candida infection gendarme violet (or brilliant green) in 0.5 – 1% argents solution is still the most effective ready. This treatment is messy but it is gladly accepted by patients who have failed to respond to deaner and more elegant medications.

          Other drugs that are used include Nystertm (mycostatin) in cream, ointment or powder, and amphoterian – B (effective zone) in cream or lohon. These are often effective and less messy. They should be applied three times daily for at least ten days.

          Aqueous suspensions are preferable . after applies hons the area should be sprinked with talcium powder or Nystatin powder. Thet oral administration of Nystatin tablets three times daily or vaginal medication twice daily help to eliminate a source of infection in the vagina or gastrointeshrel treat.

          Amphoterian B. is another during of  chroice in the treatment of candida infection. The initial close is 0.25mglkg administered inhavenoraly daily.

          Flucytosine are oral antifingal during has been successfully used in the treatment of systemic candidiasis. The dosage is 60 to 150mg 1kg1day given in four divided closes after food for a minimum of four weeks.

          Clorhimazole, an oral antifuingal during has been successful in the treatment of generalized candidiasis clommazole (canester) pessanes also are effective. But it appears that mconazole where is nearest the ideal during for vaginal candidiasis. It has a broad spectrum anti mycolic and anti-bacterial achinly. The cream is applied daily preferably last thing at night.

          Candidiasis is a debilitate armlet, which appears to cause discomfit and embarrassment mostly to  pregnant women.

          This project attempts to examine the frequency rate of candidiasis among pregnant woman at park lane. It seeks to identify such cases with a view to finding a more permanent manicure or solution as well as propose possible preventive measure when this is done, pregnant mothers will have found complete freedom to go into gestation without let or ado.                  

 

1.1     HYPOTHESIS

Ho     Pregnant woman attending antenatal clinic at park lane hospital are ingested with candidiasis.

H1     There is no incidence of candidiasis among pregnant woman at park lane hospital

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Candidiasis is endemic and paramedic in our rural and urban areas, because of the pathogenic nature of this organism, in terms of causing infection such as initiation, rashes. Inflammation when not properly treated. It can also lead to the child (baby) been infected, when the woman is not treated before gestation.

 

1.3     LIMITATION

This is limited to only pregnant woman attending ante – natal at park lane.

 

1.4     JUSTIFICATION

To enlighten the public (especially pregnant woman on the dangers of candidiasis to woman health and to educate them to improve personal hygiene in order to eliminate the fungal disease.